Phage and MLVA Typing of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Layers and Humans in Belgium from 2000–2010, A Period in which Vaccination of Laying Hens was Introduced     

M. Heyndrickx  G. Rasschaert  S. Bertrand  C. Wildemauwe  P. Wattiau  H. Imberechts  L. Herman  R. Ducatelle  S. Van Weyenberg  K. De Reu 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(6):398-404

The aim of the study was to characterize isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) obtained from humans and layer farms in Belgium collected during 2000–2010. Three periods were compared, namely (i) before implementation of vaccination (2000–2004), (ii) during voluntary vaccination (2005–2006) and (iii) during implementation of the national control program (NCP) for Salmonella including mandatory vaccination against S. Enteritidis (2007–2010). The characteristics compared across time periods were distributions of phage type and multiple‐locus variable number tandem‐repeat assay (MLVA). While PT4 and PT21 were predominantly isolated in Belgium in layers and humans before 2007, a significant reduction of those PTs was observed in both populations in the period 2007–2010. The relative proportion of PT4b, PT21c and PT6c was found to have increased considerably in the layer population since 2007. In the human population, PT8, PT1 and the group of ‘other’ PTs were more frequently isolated compared to the previous periods. When comparing the proportion of the predominant MLVA types Q2 and U2, no significant difference was found between the layer and human population in the three periods and between periods within each category (layer and human). A significant difference in isolate distribution among MLVA clusters I and II was found between human and layer isolates recovered during Period 3 and in the human population between Period 1 and 3. Results suggest that the association between S. Enteritidis in layers and the occurrence of the pathogen in humans changed since implementation of the NCP in 2007.  相似文献   

First Report of Human Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Attributed to TcBat Genotype     

J. D. Ramírez  C. Hernández  M. Montilla  P. Zambrano  A. C. Flórez  E. Parra  Z. M. Cucunubá 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(7):477-479

Chagas disease is an endemic disease of the American continent caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and divided into six discrete typing units (TcI – TcVI). Nearly 10 million people harbour the infection representing a serious issue in public health. Epidemiological surveillance allowed us to detect a bat‐related T. cruzi genotype (henceforth named TcBat) in a 5‐year‐old female living in a forest area in northwestern Colombia. Molecular tools determined a mixed infection of T. cruzi I and TcBat genotypes. This represents the first report of TcBat infection in humans; the epidemiological consequences of this finding are discussed herein.  相似文献   

Reproductive parameters of the chub mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber japonicus</Emphasis> estimated from human chorionic gonadotropin-induced final oocyte maturation and ovulation in captivity     

Tetsuro?Shiraishi  Kohei?Ohta  Akihiko?Yamaguchi  Mari?Yoda  Hisashi?Chuda  Michiya?MatsuyamaEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(3):531-542

ABSTRACT:   Final oocyte maturation and ovulation of captive chub mackerel Scomber japonicus with fully yolk-accumulated oocytes were induced by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin. Reproductive parameters, including spawning frequency and batch fecundity, which are required to estimate spawning biomass in pelagic fish by the daily egg production method, were analyzed. Germinal vesicle migration (GVM) occurred at 18–24 h post-injection, and the hydration and ovulation of oocytes were completed at 30 and 36 h post-injection, respectively. The results of the maturation process suggest that fish with GVM-stage ovaries captured in the daytime from the field are capable of spawning on the night following their capture. The oocytes used in the oocyte size-frequency distribution method for batch fecundity estimates should be at late GVM and more advanced stages. The results of sequential artificial insemination showed that the quality of ovulated eggs held in the ovarian lumen rapidly deteriorated as time progressed after ovulation. This indicates that the fertilization window for the ovulated eggs of chub mackerel lasts only a few hours, and spawning behavior should be performed within a few hours after ovulation in the wild population.  相似文献   

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of the Bifurcaria bifurcata Epiphytic Bacteria     

André Horta  Susete Pinteus  Celso Alves  Nádia Fino  Joana Silva  Sara Fernandez  Américo Rodrigues  Rui Pedrosa 《Marine drugs》2014,12(3):1676-1689

Surface-associated marine bacteria are an interesting source of new secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of epiphytic bacteria from the marine brown alga, Bifurcaria bifurcata, and the evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of bacteria extracts. The identification of epiphytic bacteria was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteria extracts were obtained with methanol and dichloromethane (1:1) extraction. The antioxidant activity of extracts was performed by quantification of total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. A total of 39 Bifurcaria bifurcata-associated bacteria were isolated and 33 were identified as Vibrio sp. (48.72%), Alteromonas sp. (12.82%), Shewanella sp. (12.26%), Serratia sp. (2.56%), Citricoccus sp. (2.56%), Cellulophaga sp. (2.56%), Ruegeria sp. (2.56%) and Staphylococcus sp. (2.56%). Six (15.38%) of the 39 bacteria Bifurcaria bifurcata-associated bacteria presented less than a 90% Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) match, and some of those could be new. The highest antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity (against B. subtilis) was exhibited by strain 16 (Shewanella sp.). Several strains also presented high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, mainly belonging to Alteromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. There were no positive results against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. Bifurcaria bifurcata epiphytic bacteria were revealed to be excellent sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.  相似文献   

二苯-α-吡喃酮类链格孢霉毒素和人血清白蛋白的相互作用及机理探究     

任思瑞  李道亮  周鸿媛  郭婷  张宇昊  马良 《核农学报》2022,36(10):2019-2026

为探究链格孢酚单甲醚(AME)和链格孢酚(AOH)这两种二苯-α-吡喃酮类链格孢霉毒素与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的分子相互作用及机理,本研究模拟血液生理pH值,采用稳态荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱、3D荧光光谱以及圆二色光谱等方法研究两者之间的相互作用。结果表明,AME和AOH与HSA相互作用均发生了静态猝灭,具有较高亲和力,以氢键和范德华力(ΔH<0,ΔS<0)结合形成1:1复合物,互作过程中这两种类毒素破坏了人血清白蛋白中稳定二级结构的氢键网络,使蛋白二级结构展开,且AME和AOH使人血清白蛋白中的α-螺旋结构含量从48.93%分别减少至39.41%和44.01%,并使色氨酸残基极性降低、疏水性增加,但酪氨酸残基极性变化不大,即结合位点可能位于色氨酸残基所在的空腔(即结合位点I);AME对HSA的猝灭程度、猝灭常数(K_sv)及结合常数(K_a)均大于AOH,结合距离也更小(r_AME=2.56 nmAOH=2.60 nm)。本研究结果为进一步探究二苯-α-吡喃酮类链格孢霉毒素的毒代动力学和药代动力学,完善丰富其毒理学相关资料,以及进行风险评估和在食品中限量标准的制定提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

顾及时滞效应的西南地区植被NPP变化归因分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

徐勇  郑志威  戴强玉  郭振东  盘钰春 《农业工程学报》2022,38(9):297-305

随着社会经济的不断发展,近年来西南地区部分区域生态环境日益脆弱。研究气候变化和人类活动影响下植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity,NPP）时空演变特征,可为监测区域植被生长状况及其对驱动因素的响应机制提供理论依据。该研究以2000－2020年MOIDS NPP数据为基础,结合气象、人口密度、夜间灯光和土地利用类型等数据,使用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、多重共线性检验、多元回归分析、残差分析和偏相关分析等研究方法,分析2000－2020年西南地区及各地貌单元植被NPP时空变化特征及对气候变化和人类活动的响应特征。结果表明：1）2000－2020年,除青藏高原植被NPP、气候影响下的植被NPP预测值（Predicted Net Primary Productivity,NPPPre,）和人类活动影响下的植被NPP残差值（Residual Net Primary Productivity,NPPRes）呈微弱波动下降外,其余地貌单元植被NPP、NPPPre和NPPRes均呈较明显的波动上升趋势,其中,四川盆地植被NPP、NPPPre和NPPRes波动上升趋势尤为显著,上升斜率分别为7.14、3.72和3.44 g/(m2·a)。2）研究时段内西南地区气候变化对植被NPP上升的影响整体强于人类活动。气候变化影响下,西南地区约45.18%的区域植被NPP呈显著和极显著上升趋势,而人类活动影响下,该占比仅为18.55%。地貌单元上,气候变化和人类活动影响下,四川盆地植被NPP呈极显著上升和显著上升的比例最高,分别为69.42%和50.75%。3）西南地区整体及各地貌单元植被NPP变化主要受温度类因子的主导,相对湿度和大气压强对西南地区植被生长整体具有抑制作用。4）耕地转化为城镇用地是植被NPP下降的重要原因,而非耕地转化为耕地和非林地转化为林地是植被NPP上升的重要原因。整体上,西南地区植被NPP与人口密度和夜间灯光呈不显著相关关系。地貌单元上,四川盆地植被NPP与人口密度和夜间灯光的相关性最高,即四川盆地植被生长受人为活动的影响强于其他地貌单元。研究结果可为区域植被生长监测、生态环境质量评价和林业生态工程效益评估提供理论依据。  相似文献   

长三角地区景观生态风险与人类活动强度的响应及其时空关联   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

方林  方斌  刘艳晓  蔡俊  李灿锋 《农业工程学报》2022,38(22):210-219

人类活动是诱发区域生态风险的重要因素,但生态风险与人类活动在不同尺度下的表征效果不一,响应程度不同,从多尺度科学地研究区域景观生态风险与人类活动强度的关联特征对于协调区域人地关系地域系统矛盾,推动地区可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究以长三角地区为研究对象,基于1990-2020年4期土地利用、夜间灯光、人口空间分布数据,建立市域、县域、格网三级尺度,构建景观生态风险及人类活动强度评估模型,刻画不同尺度下二者的时空响应特征,并基于Copula函数、双变量空间自相关及耦合协调度模型,揭示景观生态风险与人类活动强度的时空关联性。结果表明：1）1990-2020年间不同尺度下长三角地区景观生态风险均呈现北高南低的空间分布格局,且高风险地区持续减少,低风险区均呈增加趋势,其中市域尺度下高风险地区的减势最明显,而县域尺度下,低及中低风险区总体增势最为显著;2）1990-2020年间不同尺度下长三角地区人类活动强度均呈现东北高西南低的空间分布格局且高强度区域均呈现显著上升趋势,而低强度区域均明显下降,其中格网尺度下高强度区域增幅最大,达13.42个百分点,市域尺度下低强度区域的减幅最为明显,达9.76个百分点;3）1990-2020年间长三角地区人类活动强度与景观生态风险呈现正向相关性,但人类活动强度对于景观生态风险的影响正在削弱。空间上高-高（H-H）集聚区域呈现持续减少趋势,而低-低（L-L）呈现先增后减的变化趋势,低-高（L-H）及高-低（H-L）在2010年后增势明显。研究结果可为长三角地区国土空间优化及生态安全维护提供理论依据,为区域生态风险防范和生态修复提供参考。  相似文献   

气候变化和人类活动对西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI变化相对作用     

徐勇    黄雯婷  卢梦缘  欧昱贤  张占奕  李明杰  郭振东  马瑞雪 《水土保持研究》2022,29(3):292-299

定量厘定气候变化和人类活动对西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI变化的相对作用,可为揭示喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI时空演变特征及其驱动机制提供依据。以MODIS NDVI、SRTM DEM、基于站点的气象数据为数据源,建立Theil-Sen Median斜率估计、残差分析、相对作用分析等多数学模型,分析了2001—2019年西南喀斯特地貌区气候变化和人类活动对植被NDVI变化的相对作用,揭示植被NDVI与降水、气温、相对湿度和日照时数的相关性。结果表明:研究时段内西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI总体上呈上升态势,植被NDVI变化趋势呈现明显的空间异质性,植被NDVI增加的区域面积远大于减少的区域面积; 研究区植被改善和植被退化均受人类活动的主导。研究时段内西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI与降水、气温以及相对湿度整体呈正相关,相关程度依次递减,与日照时数呈负相关。综上可知,研究时段内西南喀斯特地貌区植被覆盖呈改善态势,人类活动可被认为是影响西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI变化的主要驱动力,植被NDVI与降水、气温、相对湿度和日照时数的相关系数在空间上呈现明显的异质性。  相似文献   

2000—2020年鄂尔多斯市植被NDVI变化格局及归因分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

苗旭  李九一  宋小燕  程度良  柳玉梅 《水土保持研究》2022,29(3):300-307

处于农牧交错区的鄂尔多斯市生态系统较为敏感,为探究全球气候变化以及人类活动对鄂尔多斯市生态系统的影响,利用MOD13Q1 NDVI数据以及同期气象数据,分析了鄂尔多斯市2000—2020年植被NDVI变化特征,并利用偏相关分析法以及残差驱动力分析法对引起植被NDVI变化的气候和人为因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)21年来鄂尔多斯市植被NDVI总体呈现上升趋势,植被改善明显,全市68.66%的区域植被NDVI得到改善,西南部改善幅度小于东北部;(2)鄂尔多斯市植被NDVI与气候因子偏相关性存在明显的地区差异,植被NDVI与降水的偏相关性较高,降水与温度共同影响的区域约占总面积的2.27%;(3)鄂尔多斯市植被受到人类活动与气候的共同影响,21年来人类活动对鄂尔多斯市植被NDVI变化起到主导作用,其平均贡献率为82.67%,气候变化对植被NDVI生长的影响主要体现在降水因素上。人类对鄂尔多斯市的植被影响具有两面性,城市建设对植被的生长起到制约作用,生态工程的实施则有利于植被的生长;(4)2000—2020年鄂尔多斯市以NDVI表征的植被覆盖度的增加与人类活动密不可分,但是同时鄂尔多斯地区气候条件对植被生长有很大的限制作用,实施生态工程中要切实注意到气候变化所带来的影响,切不可盲目扩大生态工程,对于毛乌素沙地等地区植被需要实行人工保护,使其形成稳定生态系统。  相似文献   

生态系统服务价值时空变化和权衡及其与人类活动强度关联性分析——以慈利县为例     

武彦珍    王新闯  王顺忠 《水土保持研究》2022,29(6):311-321

为了探究以林业为主的县域生态系统服务价值时空变化与权衡特征,分析生态服务价值与人类活动强度的关联性,为今后林业县域生态保护和恢复政策的制定和实施以及生态文明建设的推进提供依据。应用修正的生态系统服务价值估算模型、相关性分析法和双变量空间自相关分析法,评估及分析了慈利县长时间序列下生态系统服务价值时空变化以及生态系统服务内部和生态系统服务与人类活动强度之间的权衡协同关系。结果表明:(1)慈利县生态系统服务价值总量呈增长趋势,林地对于生态系统服务价值的贡献相对较高。(2)生态系统服务价值较高的区域主要集中在慈利县的东部、中部、西北部和南部,价值较低的地区主要集中于中东部; 中部、南部和西北部区域价值上升较为明显。(3)协同关系在慈利县生态系统服务权衡协同关系中占主导地位。生态系统服务价值和人类活动强度呈负相关关系。综上,近40年来慈利县实现了经济发展与生态保护的双赢局面,未来应将生态保护重心放在林地的生态质量上。  相似文献